Twisted pair (TP) is the most commonly used transmission medium in integrated wiring engineering. It is usually made up of two insulated copper wires of 22 to 26. The name of "twisted pair" is also the result. . It is characterized by its low price, so it is widely used, such as our common telephone line. It is used to connect to the RJ45 crystal head.

 

Twisted pair can be divided into unshielded twisted pair (UTP) and shielded twisted pair (STP).

 

The outer layer of the shielded twisted pair cable is wrapped with aluminum and platinum to reduce radiation, but it does not completely eliminate the radiation. The shielded twisted pair is relatively expensive and difficult to install than the unshielded twisted pair cable.

 

Unshielded twisted pair cable has the following advantages: unshielded jacket, small diameter, saving space occupied; light weight, easy to bend, easy to install; minimize or eliminate near-end crosstalk; flame retardant; Sex and flexibility for structured cabling.

 

Common models of twisted pair are as follows:

 

One type of line (CAT1): mainly used for transmitting voice (one type of standard is mainly used for telephone cables before the early 1980s), unlike data transmission.

 

Class 2 line (CAT2): The transmission frequency is 1 MHZ for voice transmission and data transmission with a maximum transmission rate of 4 Mbps, which is common in old token networks using the 4 MBPS specification token transfer protocol.

 

Category 3 line (CAT3): Transmission frequency 16MHz for voice transmission and data transmission with a maximum transmission rate of 10Mbps is mainly used for 10BASE--T, the cable specified in the ANSI and EIA/TIA568 standards.

 

Category 4 line (CAT4): The transmission frequency is 20MHz, and the data transmission for voice transmission and maximum transmission rate of 16Mbps is mainly used for token-based LAN and 10BASE-T/100BASE-T.

 

Category 5 line (CAT5): Transmission frequency is 100MHz, used for voice transmission and data transmission with a maximum transmission rate of 100Mbps, mainly used for 100BASE-T and 10BASE-T networks. This is the most commonly used Ethernet cable, which adds wire density and is a high quality insulating material.

 

Super Category 5 (CAT5e): Transmission frequency is 100MHz, mainly used for Gigabit Ethernet (1000Mbps). It has small attenuation, less crosstalk, higher attenuation and crosstalk ratio (ACR) and signal-to-noise ratio (Successive Return Loss), and smaller delay error, and the performance is greatly improved.

 

Category 6 line (CAT6): The transmission frequency is 250MHz, which is most suitable for applications with transmission rates higher than 1Gbps, mainly for Gigabit Ethernet (1000Mbps). The six types of twisted pairs are different in appearance and structure from the five or five types of twisted pairs. They not only increase the insulated cross skeleton, but also place the four pairs of twisted pairs on the cross skeleton. Within the grooves, and the diameter of the cable is also thicker.

 

Super Category 6 or 6A (CAT6A): The transmission frequency is 200-250 MHz, and the maximum transmission speed can reach 1000 Mbps, which is mainly used in Gigabit networks. The Super Category 6 line is an improved version of the Category 6 line, also an unshielded twisted pair cable as specified in ANSI/EIA/TIA-568B.2 and ISO Class 6/Class E standards for crosstalk, attenuation and signal noise. Compared with other aspects, there is a big improvement.

 

Category 7 line (CAT7): The transmission frequency is at least 500 MHz and the transmission rate is up to 10 Gbps. It is mainly used to adapt to the application and development of 10 Gigabit Ethernet technology. This line is the latest shielded twisted pair in the ISO 7/F standard.

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